Systematic and Common Chemical Names

There are many ways to name a chemical. Here is a look at the difference between different types of chemical names, including systematic names, common names, vernacular names and CAS numbers. Systematic or IUPAC Name The systematic name  also called the IUPAC name is the preferred way to name a chemical because each systematic name identifies exactly one chemical. The systematic name is determined by guidelines set forth by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Common Name A common name is defined by the IUPAC as a name that unambiguously defines a chemical, yet does not follow the current systematic naming convention. An example of a common name is acetone, which has the systematic name 2-propanone. Vernacular Name A vernacular name is a name used in a lab, trade or industry that does not unambiguously describe a single chemical. For example, copper sulfate is a vernacular name which may refer to copper(I) sulfate or copper(II) sulfate. Archaic Name An archaic name is an older name for a chemical that predates the modern naming conventions. Its helpful to know archaic names of chemicals because older texts may refer to chemicals by these names. Some chemicals are sold under archaic names or may be found in storage labeled with the older names. An example of this is muriatic acid, which is the archaic name for hydrochloric acid and is one of the names under which hydrochloric acid is sold. CAS Number A CAS number is an unambiguous identifier assigned to a chemical by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), a part of the American Chemical Society. CAS numbers are assigned sequentially, so you cant tell anything about the chemical by its number. Each CAS number consists of three strings of numbers that are separated by hyphens. The first number contains up to six digits, the second number is two digits, and the third number is a single digit. Other Chemical Identifiers Although the chemical names and CAS Number are the most common way to describe a chemical, there are other chemical identifiers you may encounter. Examples include numbers assigned by PubChem, ChemSpider, UNII, EC number, KEGG, ChEBI, ChEMBL, RTES number and the ATC code. Example of Chemical Names Putting it all together, here are the names for CuSO4 ·5H2O: Systematic (IUPAC) Name: copper(II) sulfate pentahydrateCommon Names: copper(II) sulfate, copper(II) sulfate, cupric sulfate, cupric sulfateVernacular Name: copper sulfate, copper sulfateArchaic Name: blue vitriol, bluestone, copper vitriolCAS Number: 7758-99-8

Investigating Buddhism s Life And Life - 969 Words

Investigating Buddhism Essay Once upon a time, there was a prince named Siddhartha Gautama. The prince’s birth was unusual. His mother had a dream that a white elephant entered her womb foretelling that her baby would be a Buddha. His father ruled the Shakya clan. King Suddhodana Gautama wanted Siddhartha to become a great ruler rather than a religious leader, so he created a protected environment for the young price. Despite his father’s efforts Siddhartha expressed signs of spiritual proclivity. He was unbeatable in martial arts and learned how to meditate so deeply as to levitate. Siddhartha grew progressively curious of the outside world, to the point of finally urging his father to allow him a chariot ride outside the confines of the place walls. In order to shelter the prince King Suddhodana rid the countryside of any of the four elements that might inspire the prince to consider religion. The king ban all the sick and old from sight, funeral processions became prohibited and all religious ar tifacts removed from the kingdom (Corduan, 2012). However, the Hindu devas had other plans for prince Siddhartha. They took the four forms that the king had so carefully admonished. One became an old man on the verge of dying, another took the form of a man with a disfiguring disease, the third sight was a funeral procession for a decomposing corpse and a holy monk displayed the serenity of a life of renunciation. Among the many troubling thoughts the young man had was theShow MoreRelatedZen And Pure Land Buddhism1470 Words   |  6 PagesA brief comparison between Zen and Pure Land Buddhism, both of these are very popular amongst the Vietnamese community. The word Zen has been used many times in the West, due to the hard work of Japanese culture; Zen Buddhism does not have a strong influence as that of the Pure Land Buddhism. Also in the school of Zen, they reject claims of scriptural authority and embrace many different practices. Zen Buddhism rests on claims to an exclusi ve lineage that has been passed down from teacherRead MoreWhy Do Men Suffer Pain And Sorrow? Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain the life of Buddha. Why is he called ‘the man who woke up?’ Give two or more examples of key events in his life that have a significant role in his development of Buddhist philosophical doctrine. In addition, explain how Buddha was a backlash response to 3 or more of the 6 main failures of Hinduism as detailed by Smith. Gautama Siddhartha (Buddha) was the son of a king whose domain lay close to the Himalayas. When Gautama was twenty-nine, he left his wife and child and his easy life to searchRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy And Mindfulness Essay1353 Words   |  6 PagesDialectical Behavior Therapy Mindfulness Mindfulness is another way of meditation. Meditation was used to seek to improve one’s psychological or physical health, or spiritual growth. (Brantley, 2007). The history of Mindfulness comes from Buddhism and his search for enlightenment and a foundation of the four noble truths. The Buddha teaching focus on the four noble truths which consist of knowing suffering exists, there is a cause of suffering, there is cessation of suffering and there is a pathRead MoreAnalysis Of Dan Brown s The Da Vinci Code1037 Words   |  5 Pagesamount advanced history? o Was North America bound to end up a super power? o Does the past have any bearing on the world today? o Does history have any bearing on a distinct individual s life? Many individuals appreciate steering into history and authentic inquiries by perusing recorded fiction. Dan Brown s The Da Vinci Code is a mainstream decision and can lead individuals to further study Renaissance workmanship, culture, and history. 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His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreInvestigate the impact Buddhism had on Human Rights in China Essay2603 Words   |  11 PagesThis essay will investigate the impact that Buddhism had on Human rights in China. Discussion will centre on the history of Buddhism in China and the Cultural Revolution. Considering how Marxist ideology implemented changes to the religion of Buddhism and the social conditions in this country, using politics has the base to build this essay to analyse the impact of communism on religion ,regarding Tibet. The paper will then discus the post commu nist society up until the present day using human rightRead MoreConsequence of Religious Tolerance/Intolorance2553 Words   |  11 Pages Our group agreed that although that are many differences, there are some similarities, impacting four basic areas, they are: what people believe, what people do, what people think, and what people feel. For many people religion is their way of life. David Barrette in an a weekly column writes, it is well known that those who think about their own religion often work hard to establish what they believe to be the correct interpretation for the time in which they live. Another thing to take intoRead MoreEvaluation Of A Psychiatric Treatment1610 Words   |  7 PagesBrandy s spiritual and religious preferences in order to appropriately them with my own so that I could use spiritual guidance and therapeutic techniques successfully in her treatment for suicidal ideation and depression. According to Van Hook (2016), spirituality involves people’s sense of meaning, morality, and their relationship to the transcendent and world around them† (p. 11). It is integrated with a person s religion (i.e., Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, or Hinduism) and a person s spiritualRead MoreThe Korean War : An Economic, Social, And Cultural Interregnum2401 Words   |  10 PagesIn the winter of 1954-55 America was in an economic, social, and cultural interregnum. One style of life, one mood — like Victorianism or Edwardianism — was giving way to another. The industrial age based on the mechanical exploitation of coal and iron was giving way to electronics, computers, automation — with all the social and intellectual results such a basic revolution implies — but as yet few indeed understood what was happening. The country was in a minor economic depression following the

What Is Time Value of Money - 923 Words

What is time value of money? The simple answer towards this question is that the same amount of money will have different value at different time. By this definition money is separated into its nominal value, which is the face amount, and the real value, which is the purchasing power of the money. The real reason here is that inflation exists, therefore when the price of a good goes up the same amount of money that was previously require to buy that good will not be able to buy that same good after the price increase. â€Å"Time value of money is the principle that the purchasing power of money can change over time† (Crosson S.V. 2008) Let’s take Bob, a student at Xiamen University as an example, every day when Bob wakes up he will walk out of his dorm room and go on the street to buy a piece of bread as his breakfast. At the start of the semester the bread is worth $3. He calculates that for the whole semester of three months he will need $276 to cover his breakfast co sts, therefore he rings up his mom and ask her to transfer that amount at the start of the semester. However, draught happen during that semester resulting in a price inflation of the piece of bread, if Bob chooses to have the same amount of bread he will be needing an amount increase equal to the rest of the days for this semester times the $1 price change of the bread. The simple fact that the same 276$ which is worth 92 pieces of bread at the start of the semester can now only buy 69 pieces of bread is theShow MoreRelatedTime Value of Money and Bond Valuation631 Words   |  3 PagesExamine the concept of time value of money in relation to corporate managers. Propose two (2) methods in which time value of money can help corporate managers in general. 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The time valueRead MoreA Society Of Constant Consumption Of Materialistic Objects1617 Words   |  7 PagesMoney is underrated. This statement could come off to be absurd, in a society of constant consumption of materialistic objects. In an era where a person hardly has to be considered to belong to the upper class to drive a nice car or truck, pamper oneself with weekly pedicures or getting your hair blown out weekly because one does not want to did their selves, go out to eat on a frequent basis, have a housekeeper clean the house, or having someone do the yard work. This was all once reserved for onlyRead More Time is Money Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesTime is Money How do we get this adage of â€Å"time is money?† Some say that it came about in 1748 when Benjamin Franklin actually coined the term, â€Å"Time is money† when giving advice to a young tradesman (Pausch). Why did this concept of time being worth money come in to our culture? Time evolved into being worth money because it cost money to allocate time to activities other than work. Either you work and get paid or you partake in another activity and forgo your distribution of capital. Read MoreEssay on Time Value Of Money1252 Words   |  6 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money serves as the foundation of finance. The fact that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future is the basis for investments and business growth. The future value of a dollar is based on the present dollar amount, interest rate and time period involved. Financial calculators and tables can assist in computing the future and present values, which eases the pain of the mathematically challenged. Yield or rate of return can also be calculatedRead MoreEssay about Eco 372 Week 4 Quiz1307 Words   |  6 Pageshis needs. 4. Changes in the quantity of money affect D a. interest rates b. prices c. production d. All of the above are correct 5. Which list ranks assets from most to least liquid? B a. currency, fine art, stocks b. currency, stocks, fine art c. fine art, currency, stocks d. fine art, stocks, currency 6. Fiat money A a. has no intrinsic value. b. is backed by gold. c. has intrinsic value equal to its value in exchange. d. is any close substitute for currencyRead MoreWhat Is Money? How Is It Created?1171 Words   |  5 PagesWHAT IS MONEY? HOW IS IT CREATED? Orthodox and Heterodox economics both examine what money is. However, their views are different and, historically, many controversies have existed around money; especially after the global financial crisis. Orthodox economists view money as a medium of exchange that replaced barter. They also view money as a store value; a derivative from the medium of exchange. Heterodox economics support that money is a social unit of account, where credits and debts are measuredRead MoreHow Money Is Still Relevant For Scientific Analysis1524 Words   |  7 PagesAs a result of money being developed as a practical means to exchange goods, the question of what is money is still relevant for scientific analysis. What is it really? Is it a social construct that has no intrinsic meaning? Is a dollar bill money? Is it a representation for value, or it is valuable intrinsically? Who decides the worth? What do we mean when we speak of money? The answers to these questions are not fully understood in our analysis of the current literature. Our goal is to exploreRead MoreDefinition of Money and Its Uses1579 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis of Money and How it Works For a definition of money and where it comes from, one could turn to the United States Constitution, Article 1, Section 8, which states that the Congress shall have the Power to coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and fix the standards of weights and measures. But if such a definition fails to get to the heart of what money is, one could turn to Adam Smith, author of Wealth of Nations, who wrote that money has become in all civilized nations the universalRead MoreThe Relationship Between Time And Money1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween time and money provides the foundation of every financial decision that we, the people made in the world today. Whether it will be saving money for a future event or considering a loan to pay for a current financial need. Everyday, everywhere people are greatly affected by the time value of money. Firms and organizations, investors and capitalists use this concept in particular for them to decide what to accomplish with their money and how to achie ve their goals. They give money today in

Mental Illness Within The Prison System - 928 Words

Everyday correctional officials work to deal with mental health inmates. Often hotly debated, many search for ways to work with this growing population. Glaze and Bonczar (2009) estimate around 2.3 million people are incarcerated within the US and of those, 20 percent suffer from some form of mental disorder. Even with such a high number, the rate of mental illnesses within the prison system is on the climb. Many of these inmates will remain incarcerated and receive little to no treatment for their mental issues. This essay, will look at the practices associated when dealing with mental illness and discuss the strategies on dealing with this growing issue. The incarceration of those who are mentally ill is on the continual rise. Many states juggle with the decision of placing offenders in Mental Hospital or locating them in State Prisons. Latessa and Holsinger (2011) discuss two major reasons for the increase of those with mental illness within the prison system. First, many s tates have no longer allow for the insanity plea during criminal trials, thus those who suffer from mental illness are not required to receive mandatory mental treatment. This is due to the discomforting idea that criminal offenders should not be given the same living conditions as those whom are patients of mental wards. Secondly, longer sentences have created a surplus of mentally ill offenders needing treatment. Soderstrom (2007) added that the lack of mental health support systems inShow MoreRelatedPrisoners with Special Needs1118 Words   |  5 PagesPrisoners with Special Needs David Stevens CJS/255 May 30, 2016 Sherri Webster Special needs, mentally ill, and substance-abusing prisoners affect the jail and prison systems at a state and federal level in a multitude of ways. One of the main issues within prisons is the fact that their mental health services can be seriously inadequate and lacking the proper staffing, all while operating in facilities that are not equipped to handle such prisoners, on top of a limited amount of programsRead MoreEssay on Prisoners and The Development of Severe Mental Illness1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe vast majority of prisoners who suffer from severe mental illness are not receiving the proper mental health treatment necessary. The lack of attention allocated to the sanity of prisoners with mental illness is a haunting reality given that these people eventually return to the free world following their time in prison. Due to the punitive tendencies of the prison system, prison will likely only exacerbate peoples preexisting mental illnesses, making them susceptible to recid ivism, or furtherRead MoreThe Importance Of Mental Disorders In The Prison System1288 Words   |  6 PagesIn addition, persons with mental disorders are clearly overrepresented in the prison system, when compared to rates of persons in the community with mental disorders, studies found â€Å"that prevalence estimates were three to 12 times higher than in community samples, reaching as high as 64%,† (Prins, S. J., 2014, p. 862) with â€Å"prevalence† being defined as the commonness or occurrence of a mental disorder. The reasoning behind this skewed representation has continually puzzled researchers and led toRead MoreCriminalization Of The Mentally Ill1486 Words   |  6 Pagesmentally ill persons within the prison system, it is important to know the history of mental illness in the prison system. In1841, Dorothea Dix began her Asylum Movement. She saw how deplorable the conditions were for mentally ill inmates in the prison system and insisted on change. The mental ill inmates were treated very poorly, being beaten, starved, and sexually abused. Dix brought her findings to the legislature of Massachusetts and funds were then set aside to expand the mental hospital in WorcesterRead More The Importance of Diagnosing and Treating Inmates With Mental Illness 1497 Words   |  6 Pagespatients in mental facilities were reintroduced into society. This action was sparked by the introduction of antipsychotic drugs and the lack of funding to house and maintain mentally ill patients. This was to help not only the financial restraints of the government but to help each of the patients within the facilities by giving them the ability to live a fulfilling life without confinement. In the last few decades changes in the United States judicial system such as mandatory prison sen ¬tences,Read MoreThe Effects Of Crime And Mental Illness1245 Words   |  5 PagesTypically, mental conditions affect the cognitive and emotional aspects of a person. Thus, peop le with mental illness face a high risk of engaging in criminalized behaviors. Many pieces of research show that the US has the largest number of its citizens in prison with severe mental illness. This essay will analyze how crime and mental illness is a crisis in America that has fundamentally been avoided over the years that have seen the decline in institutions that were previously designed to help thisRead MoreMental Illness Within The United States984 Words   |  4 PagesMental illness is an issue that impacts all prison systems throughout the United States. The wellbeing of inmates is a long debated issue. There is much improvement that can be done in the prison systems to help rehabilitate and treat inmates while they are incarcerated to better prepare them for a successful reintegration into society. An examination of the current rehabilitation and treatment programs for inmates diagnosed with psychological illness will assist in identifying failures in withinRead MoreInt roduction. Mental Illness Today Is A Social Crisis That1650 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Mental illness today is a social crisis that began with the onset of deinstitutionalization leading to a massive increase within our prison population. People with mental illnesses often cycle repeatedly through courtrooms, jails, and prisons that are ill-equipped to address their needs and, in particular, to provide adequate treatment. There are also many other factors in prisons that have negative effects on mental health such as overcrowding, violence, solitude, lack of privacyRead MoreThe Community Mental Health Centers Act Of 1963 Closed State Psychiatric Hospitals1191 Words   |  5 PagesMany years ago, mental illness was viewed as a demonic possession or a religious punishment. In the 18th century, the attitudes towards mental illness were negative and persistent. This negativity leads to the stigmatization and confinement of those who were mentally ill. The mentally ill were sent to mental hospitals that were unhealthy and dangerous. A push in the mid 1950s for dei nstitutionalization began because of activists lobbying for change. Dorothea Dix was one of these activists that helpedRead MoreRegulatory Agency Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pages 2 Prison health care provides the inmates with medical care from the prisons correctional health provider. There are many thoughts about why inmates should receive health care and one reason is that even though the inmates have committed crimes, he or she still needs medical treatment just as an individual that is not incarcerated. Problems, such as mental health, health and substance abuse tend to be more apparent in the prisons than within the communities. There are many

Informative Speech on Rwandan Genocide Outline - 1300 Words

Ben Johnson Intro to Comm. 1320-04 11/8/12 Rwandan Genocide General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To share with the class that the Rwandan Genocide was a brutal genocide that most people know little about. Thesis: The Rwandan Genocide is one of the lesser known, quickest, and most inhumane genocides this world has ever seen, and it is still affecting the people of Rwanda till this day. Organizational Pattern: Topical Introduction I. Attention Getter: What some people do not know is that Rwanda was home to the most brutal genocide this world has ever seen. There is a book of testimonies where the survivors of the Rwandan genocide told their story of their struggle to survive called, Survival†¦show more content†¦D. Many of the Tutsis neighbors and city officials were Hutus, so they had no one to turn to but their fellow Tutsis who were just as frightened as everyone else. 1.In a book called, Survival Against the Odds, where 11 year old Valentina tells her story and there was a quote from Sylvestre Gacumbitsi (the Mayor of her city), He shouted: We are the interahamwe. We are about to eliminate every Tutsi so that in the future no-one will even know what a Tutsi looked like. If anyone is hiding in this church by mistake, because really he or she is a Hutu, they should tell me now. E. I have told you about the Rwandan genocide and how the Tutsi people suffered during the genocide. I will now share wi th you their struggles they continue to go through years after the genocide ended. III. How even though the genocide has been over for about eighteen years it is still hurting people today? A. The Rwandan women are facing many problems still to this day. 1. 60,000 Rwandan women are now widows. 2. 7 in 10 survivors make less than 5000 Rwandan Francs ( only 8 American dollars) a month. 3. Many women are unable to live in the city or villages they grew up because of the humiliation of being publicly raped. 4. The Rwandan women are also faced to look after orphaned children when they are hardly able to support themselves. a. Many of the children the women will take care of will

Save Our Environment free essay sample

A very good morning to my teachers and my fellow students. I am here today to give a speech about our role to ‘save our environment’. Today, when environment is being polluted so vigorously, everyone has only one question on their mind that is how to save environment from being polluted. The strongest way to protect environment is save trees. Trees play an important role to keep air clean. If there will be no fresh air available then how will human beings, animal, and birds survive? Therefore, a clean environment is the need for every living object on this earth. Many big organizations, schools, colleges, and NGOs are taking initiatives to save trees for a better future, clean air, and unpolluted environment, in short healthy life for living objects. Nowadays, trees are being cut with a great speed for full filling daily needs of human beings. You might have noticed that as the number of trees is reducing disasters are being continuously increasing, which is ultimately leading into high death rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Save Our Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A big part of the trees is cut to make paper to help us do our personal and official works. If the use of paper will be minimized then we can save a large number of trees from being cut, which leads into healthy and clean environment that is fresh air and healthy life. One of the biggest initiatives to save trees is to promoting the use of paper less media like mobile phones. It is really a great idea to use paperless media to minimize the use of paper. Another initiative, which has been taken by schools, colleges, and universities in the increase in online examinations. Finally, i hope that one day we could be a responsible human being, we all need to take some initiatives to protect environment and to save trees to live a better life. That is all, thanks for listening.

Corporate Social Responsibility Investigating Theory and Research

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Social Responsibility : Investigating Theory and Research. Answer: Introduction The aim of this study is to learn about the retail marketing of the company that is a leading company of retail and many other segments. The companies who deal in retail marketing are very dynamic in nature as they have deal fast changing sectors present in the market. The retail marketing is called as one of the major sector of the economy in various segments like turnover, transactions, and customers. Retail business is one of the most competitive and highly sophisticated industries present in the market. Wesfarmers is company that conduct constantly monitoring of the other retailers and market place (Vargo, and Lusch, 2011). It helps to analyze and identify the latest trends, timely fashion, expectations of the customers, change in the taste, and demand of the customers. Now days, it has become more difficult to tackle the risk and challenges present in the market. This is due to the highly competitive markets and where the taste and preference of the customers changes very quickl y (Wagner, Bicen, and Hall, 2008). In this study, the discussion will be on the wheel of retailing and also on the lifecycle of the retail industries with relevant theories and approaches to make the concepts of retailing clearly. The consumers have a freedom to those the products according to their needs and want which increase the competition and worries of the retailers and manufacturers (Moussa, and Touzani, 2010). They also become this loyal to the brands especially when the products are substitutes, equivalent of good quality and easily available in the markets and industries. The decrease in the international barriers results in increase in the availability of products and services in the market. Furthermore, the change and up gradation in the technology and the advent of the internet facilities has added new parameters to the Wesfarmers company. It also has provided new experience to the customers (Verhoef, Lemon, Parasuraman, Roggeveen, Tsiros, and Schlesinger, 2009). The company Wesfarmers was found in the year 1914 as a cooperative society of the farmers whose major work is to provide services and products related to the agriculture in the Western Australias rural community. They diversified their business in to liquefied petroleum gas. They move form fertilizer industry, then forestry, distribution, and insurance. Gradually, the company has become one of the leading companies of Australia which is a public company in various terms, it has become a retailer. The company is divided into two segments (Hyman, Kopf, and Lee, 2010). the one segment is comprise of retail marketing that itself comprises of fur segments food segment, liquor, outdoor games, and convenience retailer. It is a diversified corporation with more than 220,000 employees and more than 5, 30,000 shareholders. Competitive Strategy The Wheel of Retailing concept was firstly introduced by McNair from the Harvard University. This theory is considered as one of the most observed theory. It refers to the changes that come into the retail industry during the evolution of life cycles. It is a kind of theory that helps in understanding the changes that has been taken place when innovation included in the business organisations. It is a hypothesis that explains that how the retailers can approach to capture the markets and the shares to crate brand value and shares of their company (Boshoff, 2007). It explains that ho the retailers started their business at low sales, price, profit levels, prestige and slowly with time they increase all the above mentioned things. This theory is adopted by the company Wesfarmers also begin with zero. It is not relevant that this theory can apply on each and every retail stores as every tore has its own situations and conditions. Step 1 of this theory is establishment and penetration in the market is very important to set the price of the goods and services sell by the company the process of market penetration leads in high demand of the products as the price of the good sis comparatively less than the products available in the markets (Glanz, Bader, and Iyer, 2012). The expansion in the markets of a company can also be possible when the company improves the working performance and productivity of to the company. The retail business can expand their business by simple analyzing the mechanism present in the market. There are lots of risk involves in the external environment that are required to be analyzed and indentifies (Baker, and Hart, 2008). There are trade barriers and many other barriers in the expansion like high competition, government, and legal factors. The company has to find the target market before going for the expansion process. The main of motive of all the business is to earn profits and profits and revenues can be earned when there are high profit margins in the sales take place. The company Wesfarmers has high margins as they direct make sakes of the products manufactured by them only. In this way, the company can improve by manufacturing their own items (Leonidou, and Leonidou, 2011). There are companies that can change the position of other company by entering into the markets There are many new companies who come up with high technology and good quality of products that leads in slow down the sales and profits of the other company; it is one of the biggest risks for the retail companies that are new entrants into the market segment (Certo, Sirmon, and Brymer, 2010). It can be fixed by bringing continuous improvement and innovation in the products and services provided by the company. There are various types of challenges in the wheel retail company as it focuses only on the margins and prices where the other variable are rejected and neglected. This is not applicable on all types of business like boutiques, convenience centers, and vending machines. Wesfarmers company retailers core competitors are Woolsworth, Hs home, Myer, and best less. These are the major competitors of this company. In Australian market, Wesfarmers is enjoying a leading position (Castaldo, Premazzi, and Zerbini, 2010). There is a significant amount of competition faced by this company as the strategies and policies of this company are very unique and do not let the other company to curb the sales in the markets. Store design strategy and the techniques use by Wesfarmers to encourage the customer, to stay, explore and buy the products The company is using one of the most effective techniques to attract their customers to the stores. The strategy used by Wesfarmers is a defensive model and strategies that is dominating the entire markets of Australia and the other brands of retail sector. The performance and productivity of this company lead the other stores to adopt their designs for the management of the stores. Through such designs the company has added lots of value to its products and services (Booker, Bontis, and Serenko, 2008). The big chain stores like Wesfarmers, where the customers entered just to visit the store, still make purchases without any plan to make purchases due to the attractive displays. The company knows to style and design their stores in a way that customers get attracted towards it by creating and putting g tempting displays items to let the customers keep the m for shopping. The secret behind the Wesfarmers stores are the layouts and designs that have been designed by the famous designers and experts who worked with the major retailers of the world. Window displays plays a vital role which is one of the major advantage with the stores of Wesfarmers. It let the customers simply enter into the stores and shops. Just like the eyes are the window of our soul, the windows of the shops are the mirror that reflects the image of the entire company ad stores. According to one designer, each window should tell a story. It can be done by choosing good colors, to grab the attention of the customers. There must be avoidance of the clutter as space is equivalent to the luxury. There is no need to cram the items of the window as it will look cheap. Try to put only selected items (Yadav, and Pavlou, 2014). It is very important to make a first impression on the customers when they enter into the stores. It is an eye catching moment for the retailers to impress their customers. It may help to make good amount of sales. They also use good room fresheners, and plants. At the entrance of the stores to make the customers happy and attracted (Horava, 2011). The entry way of the stores and shops must be o the right side. There are various types of studies that show that mostly the people look at left first thane right as they entered the shop and stores (Giacalone, and Rosenfeld, 2013). In this way, the customers move to right and then counter clock wise. Wesfarmers follows the same trend and format to upscale the sale of their stores. they use bright color, scents, paintings, and other beautiful things at right to encourage them to move to the right direction and begin to walk into the stores is a counter clockwise direction. The company Wesfarmers believes that there must be a beautiful end and aisle in the stores. There are many small retailers who end their stress at bathroom or store rooms. They must create an aisle at the ends of the stores to lead the customers to a department which do not end and if end than it will be a beautiful end (Jacob, and Ulaga, 2008). Wesfarmers has used its space very effectively and smartly by cutting visual images, parallel aisle, and exterior walls. They have placed everything in a way that it looks beautiful. It helps the customers to navigate the way to the stores into the forward direction. The company has used an angular way to set the angle for the customers (Lukka, and Modell, 2010). It is notices that more than 20 % of the stores do not have any break at their stores which create a situation of mess in the stores. It do not provide attraction of the customers as they do not stop and take break to think and to take rest. There must be long aisles, visual breaks, and signs. There are special displays in between the shops to stop the customers and give them idea about the availability of the products in the stores (Mulhern, 2009). There are various ways to attract and retain the customers at the stores and to make them purchase like The stores can ask the best employees and the customers to visit and stores an dot provide feedback to the other customers. They can also use questionnaire which help to pinpoint the issues. Stores can also take pictures and gather the staff for the analysis of the stores. There is a need to make regular changes in the stores. They can also go and check the layouts and designs of the other retailer have to make changes (Lee, 2009). The retailers can also collect decorative items to make their displays looks more attractive. They can paint and use the themes related to the festivals and occasions. They can use old and unused material like can, cases, old chairs, and paper to decorate the displays (Piekkari, Plakoyiannaki, and Welch, 2010). The displays must be changed on a regular basis to provide a fresh experience to the customers every time they enter into the stores or shops. It can help the stores to make the customers happy and to buy products. The retail stores have to do all sort of work that helps them to retain the customers and to make them buy the products. They have to manage the stores, customers, sales, and products. The employees who work in the retail stores are required to be blend with various types of skills, like dynamic nature, politeness, versatility, good communications, and good understanding. There are various types of requirement that are required in the store and in the store managers to make higher amount of sales (Vaaland, Heide, and Grnhaug, 2008). Technology plays a vital role as it can be used in different types of place like for experiment, to communicate to mobile users, to convince the shoppers, and to promote online presence of the retail stores. The company Wesfarmers can use virtual mannequins to trigger the customers. To gather the information of the product the customers can use NFC enable shelf labels and scan them to add into their basket. They can also make payment by the same (Verhoef, Lemon, Parasuraman, Roggeveen, Tsiros, and Schlesinger, 2009). The company can use their cards to pick and item simple by scanning them using Tesco scan at their stores. It is handy and entertaining for the kids and youth. M S order hubs and browse can help to browse the catalogues for any item and also to explore the information related to the product. The device has card payment ad huge iPhones (Alvesson, and Sandberg, 2013). It is one of the most critical things for all the retail stores and other business. The retail business is all about to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers by providing them great experience and exposure to the stores every time. It is very relevant for the companies to provide a good sales experience to their customers so that they want to come again to the stores. In order to provide this, eth company are requires to have effective and efficient sale persons at the stores and prominent management in the stores (Metters, and Marucheck, 2007). They have the caliber to analyze the demand of the customers their strength, and choice. They should also know to manage in the critical ad delicate matters take place at the stores. They must be patient and fair enough. The people must be motivated to sale the product to the right customers. They must have sales experience to be responsible employees at the stores (Serenko, Bontis, Booker, Sadeddin, and Hardie, 2010). The skills and knowledge related to the sales must be present in the employees he has the caliber to motivate, persuade, and satisfy the customers. The employees who are working at the stores must have good communication skills (Boardman, and Gray, 2010). As he has to manage the stores and customers, some of the skills must be there like customer handling, knowledge of stores, decision making both negative and positive. There is no crisis in the company Wesfarmers but still the company sometimes face challenges relate to the Technology, Customer care services, Product variety, and Delivery of the products. The sales of the company were good in the month of September. Earlier the technology used by this company was obsolete like the payment method and bill counters. Now the company has change the entire billing system. The customer services are also improved by building a separate company for the customers handling. The product variety and quality has been improved by changing the techniques of the production. Conclusion At last, a conclusion on the present study is to discover about the retail marketing of the Wesfarmers Company. It is one of the leading companies of retail and many other segments in Australia. Wesfarmers company deals in retail marketing which is very dynamic in nature as it is fastest changing sectors present in the markets. From this report we can understand that the retail business is the most aggressive and highly classy industries in current the market. Wesfarmers Company believes and conducts regularly monitoring of the other retailers and market place. It is very relevant to study the external and internal markets to analyze the latest trends, timely fashion, expectations of the customers, change in the taste, and demand of the customers. As there is high risk in the eternal markets and environment of the company, the companies make regular forecast relating to the markets and competition present. It has become more difficult to manage the risk and challenges present in the market. Due to the highly aggressive markets, where the taste and preference of the customers changes very quickly, Wesfarmers have to keep them updated. The basic motive of this study is to discuss about the wheel of retailing takes place on the retailing industries. As the lifecycle of the retail industries are changing the need of relevant theories and approaches to make the concepts of retailing becoming more relevant. This study will help to learn the same. As studied above, the consumers are free to choose the products according to their needs and want which increase the competition and worries of the retailers and manufacturers. Due to which the customer also become disloyal to the brands when there are substitutes, equivalent of good quality and easily available in the markets and industries. There are other factors also that increase the worries of the retailers that are decrees in the international barriers results in increase in the availability of products and services in the market. References Alvesson, M. and Sandberg, J., 2013. Has management studies lost its way? 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